Overview of B.Sc. Pass course Medical (Zoology)

A Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Pass course in the medical field is a undergraduate degree program that typically spans over three to four years, depending on the institution and country. This course is designed to provide students with a broad understanding of various aspects of medical sciences, laying the foundation for further specialization or employment in related fields. Its focus lies on the study of Anatomy, Physiology, Biodiversity, Biochemistry, Entomology, Microbiology, Pathology, and Genetics. These subjects provide students with a fundamental understanding of the human body, its functions, and basic medical sciences. This field provides a solid foundation in medical sciences, practical skills, and opportunities for further specialization or employment in diverse healthcare settings

Why Choose BSc . Pass course Medical (Zoology) ?

Ø Practical Training: Hands-on practical training is a crucial component of the course. Students typically engage in laboratory work, dissections, experiments, and clinical rotations to apply theoretical knowledge in real-life scenarios. This practical training helps students develop essential skills and gain practical experience.

Ø Soft Skills Development:  This focus on the development of soft skills such as communication, teamwork, empathy, and professionalism.

Ø Elective Courses: Depending on the program structure, students may have the option to choose elective courses in specialized areas such as Immunology, Medical Imaging, Epidemiology, or Health Informatics. Elective courses allow students to tailor their education according to their interests and career goals.

Career Opportunities: BSc . Pass course medical (Zoology) opens up a wide range of career paths and opportunities including healthcare settings :

v Hospitals

v Clinics

v  pharmaceutical companies

v research institutions

v public health organizations

v pursue further education in specialized areas like medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, or allied health professions.

         SYLLABUS:

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

                                  B. Sc. SEMESTER – I

LIFE AND DIVERSITY FROM PROTOZOA TO HELMINTHES

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                          Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1.     Question number I is compulsory consisting of 8 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.     Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-1

Phylum- Protozoa

i)               General characters and classification up to order level

ii)             Biodiversity and economic importance

iii)           Type study of Plasmodium;

iv)             Parasitic protozoans: Life history, mode of infection and pathogenicity of Entamoeba, Trypanosoma, Leishmania and Giardia.

UNIT-II

Phylum- Porifera:

i)               General characters and classification up to order level

ii)              Biodiversity and economic importance

iii)            Type study – Sycon.

iv)            Canal system in sponges

v)            Spicules in sponges

UNIT-III

Phylum – Coelentrata:

i)               General characters and classification up to order level

ii)             Biodiversity, economic importance

iii)            Type Study – Obelia

iv)            Corals and coral reefs

v)              Polymorphism in Siphonophores

UNIT-IV

Phylum – Helminths:

i)               General characters and classification up to order level

ii)             Biodiversity, economic importance

iii)            Type study – Fasciola hepatica

iv)             Helminths parasites: Brief account of life history, mode of infection and pathogenesity of Schistosoma, Ancylostoma, Trichinella, Wuchereria and Oxyuris.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

                                   B. Sc. SEMESTER – I

                                       CELL BIOLOGY

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                                   Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1. Question number I is compulsory consisting of 8 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2 Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

1.       Ultrastructure of different cell organelles of animal cell.

2.       Plasma Membrane: Fluid mosaic model, various modes of transport across the membrane, mechanism of active and passive transport, endocytosis and exocytosis.

3.       Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): types, role of ER in protein synthesis and transportation in animal cell.

4.       Goigi complex: Structure, Associated enzymes and role of golgi-complex in animal cell.

UNIT-II

1      Ribosomes: Types, biogenesis and role in protein synthesis.

2      Lysosomes: Structure, enzyme and their role; polymorphism

3      Mitochondria: Mitochondrial DNA; as semiautonomous body, biogenesis, mitochondrial enzymes ( only names), role of mitochondria.

4      Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, microfilaments, centriole and basal body. 5 Cilia and Flagella

UNIT-III

1.    Ultrastructure and functions of Nucleus: Nuclear· membrane, nuclear lamina, nucleolus, fine structure of chromosomes, nucleosome concept and role of histones,

2.    Euchromatin and heterochromatin, lampbrush chromosomes and polytene chromosomes.

UNIT-IV

1.     Mitosis and Meiosis (Cell reproduction)

2.     Brief account of causes of cancer.

3.     An elementary idea of cellular basis of Immunity.

                                        SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

                                          B. Sc. SEMESTER – I

PRACTICAL

Max. Marks:50                                                                                                Time allowed: 3Hrs

(A)  Classification up to orders with ecological note and economic importance of the following animal:

I. Protozoa                   Lamination of cultures of Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium; permanent prepared slides: Amoeba, Euglena, Trypanosoma, Noctiluca, Eimeria, Paramecium (binary fission and conjugation), Opalina, Verticella, Balantidium, Nyctotherus, radiolarian and formaniferan ooze.

2.  Parazoa (Porifera) Specimens: Sycon. Grantia, Euplectella, Hyalonema, Spongilla, Euspongia

3.  Coelenterata.            Specimens: Porpita, Valella, Physalia, Aurelia, Rhyzostoma, Metridium, Millipora, Alcyonium, Tubipora, Zoanthus, Madrepora, Favia, Fungia, and Astrea,

Permanent prepared slides: Hydra (W.M.), Hydra with buds, Obelia (colony and medusa), Sertularia, Plumularia, Tubularia, and Bougainvillea, Aurelia (sense organs and stages of life history).

4.  Platyhelminthes         Specimens: Dugesia, Fasciola, Taenia, Echinococus,

Permannt prepared slides: Miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, scolex and proglotttids; Taenia (mature and gravid).

5.  Aschelminthes             Ascaris (male & female), Trichinella, Ancylostoma, Meloidogyne.

(B) Study of the following permanent stained preparations:

I.     L.S. and TS. Sycon; gemmules, spicules and sponging fibres of Sycon, canal system of sponges.

2.     TS. Hydra (testis and ovary region).

3.     T.S. Fasciola (different regions).

4.     T.S. Ascaris (male and female).

(C)   Preparation of the following slides:

1.  Temporary preparation of Volvox, Paramecium, Gemmules and spicules of Sycon

2.  Preparation of permanent stained whole mounts of Hydra, Obelia, Sertularia, Plumularia and Bougainvillea.

3.  Pathogenic protozoans: Plasmodium, Giardia or as available

4.   Pathogenic Helminthes: Ancylostma; Wuchereria or as available

(D) Cell biology and Genetics:

I.   Cell division: Prepared slides of stages of mitosis and meiosis.

2. Temporary squash preparations of onion root tip / grasshopper testis for the study of mitosis using acetocarmine stain.

(E) Project:

1. Parasitic adaptations ( Protozoa to helminthes)

2. DNA: types, structure and its model preparation

3. Survey- Diversity of particular family/taxa in your surrounding area

4. Microscopy: principles and its significance

5.Staining techniques and their significance

(F)  Disaster Management Project Work: (Field Work, Case Studies)

For details see the UGC Website

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

                                     B. Sc. SEMESTER – II

LIFE AND DIVERSITY OF ANNELIDA TO HEMICHORDATA

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                                 Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1. Question number I is compulsory consisting of 8 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2    Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

Phylum – Annelida:

i)     General characters and classification up to order level

ii)    Biodiversity and economic importance of Annelida

iii)  Type study – Pheretima (Earthworm)

iv)  Metamerism in Annelida

v)  Trochophore larva:. Affinities, evolutionary significance

UNIT-II

Phylum – Arthropoda:

i)  General characters and classification up to order level

ii)  Biodiversity and economic importance of insects

iii)  Type study – Periplaneta

UNIT-III

Phylum – Mollusca:

i)     General characters and classification up to order level

ii)    Biodiversity and economic importance

iii)  Type study – Pila

iv)  Torsion and detorsion in gastropoda

v)     Respiration and foot

UNIT-IV

Phylum – Echinodermata:

i)     General characters and classification up to order level

ii)    Biodiversity and economic importance

iii)  Type Study -Asteries (Sea Star)

iv)  Echinoderm larvae

v)  Aristotle’s Lantern

Phylum – Hemichordata: Type study: Balanoglossus

                                     SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

                                       B. Sc. SEMESTER – II

GENETICS

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                                         Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1.     Question number I is compulsory consisting of 8 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.     Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

1.     Elements of Heredity and variations.

2.     The varieties of gene interactions

3.     Linkage and recombination: Coupling and repulsion hypothesis, crossing-over and chiasma formation; gene mapping.

UNIT-II

1.     Sex determination and its mechanism: male and female heterozygous systems, genetic balance system; role of Y -chromosome, male haploidy, cytoplasmic and environmental factors, role of hormones in sex determination.

2.     Sex linked inheritance: Haemophilia and colour blindness in man, eye colour in Drosophila, Non- disjunction of sex-chromosome in Drosophila; Sex-linked and sex influenced inheritance.

3.     Extra chromosomal and cytoplasmic inheritance:

i)          Kappa particles in Paramecium.

ii)         Shell coiling in snails.

iii)      Milk factor in mice.

UNIT-III

1.     Multiple allelism: Eye colour in Drosophila; A, B, 0 blood group in man.

2.     Human genetics: Human karyotype, Chromosomal abnormalities involving autosomes and sex chromosomes, monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

3.     Inborn errors of metabolism (Alcaptonuria, Phenylketonuria, Albinism, sickle-cell anaemia).

UNIT-IV

1.      Nature and function of genetic material; Structure and type of nucleic acids; Protein synthesis. spontaneous and induced (chemical and radiations) mutations; gene mutations; chemical basis of mutations; transition, transversion, structural chromosomal aberrations (deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation); Numerical aberrations (autoploidy, euploidy and polyploidy in animals)

2.      Applied genetics: Eugenics, euthenics and euphenics; genetic counseling, pre-natal diagnostics, DNA-finger printing, transgenic animals

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – II

PRACTICAL

Max. Marks:50                                                                                           Time allowed: 3Hrs

(A)  Classification up to orders with ecological note and economic importance of the following group of animals:

1.  Annelida Specimens:Pheretima, Heteronereis, Polynoe, Aphrodite, Chaetopterus, Arenicola, Tubifex and Pontobdella.

2.  Arthropoda Specimens: Peripatus, Palaemon (Prawn), Lobster, Cancer (crab), Sacculina, Eupagurus (hermit crab), Lepas, Balanus, Cyclops, Daphnia, Lepisma, Periplaneta (cockroach), Schistocerca (locust), Poecilocerus (ak-hopper), Gryllus (cricket), Mantis (praying mantis),Cicada, Forticula (earwig), Dragon fly, termite queen, bug, moth, beetle, Polistes (wasp), Apis (honey bee), Bombyx (silk moth), Cimex (begbug), Pediculus (body louse). Millipedes, Scolopendra (centipedes), Palamnaeus (scorpion), Aranea (spider), Limulus (king crab).

3.  Mollusca Specimens: Mytilus, Ostrea, Cardium, Pholas, Solen

(razor fish), Pecten, Holiotis, Patella, Aplysia, Doris, Limax, Loligo, Sepia, Octopus, Nautilus (complete and T.S.), Chiton and Dentalium.

4.  Echinodermata Specimens: Asterias, Echinus, Cucumara, Ophiothrix, Antedon and Asterophyton.

5.  Hemichordata Balanoglossus

(B)  Study of the following permanent stained preparations:

1.  T.S. Pheretima (pharyngeal and typhlosolar regions), Setae, septal nephridia and spermathecae of Pheretima.

2.  Trachea and mouthpmts of cockroach. 3.Statocyst of Palaemon.

4.  Glochidium larva of Anodonta; radula and osphradium of Pila.

5.  T.S. Star fish (arm)

6.  T.S. Balanoglossus (through various regions).

(C)Demonstration by C. D.:

1 . Mouth parts and trachea of Periplanata (cockroach), radula of Pila; pedicillarae of Asterias.

2. setae of earthworm, and mouth parts of Honey bee, House fly and cockroach.

(D)  Preparation of models of the different systems of the following animals:

1.  Earthworm: Digestive, reproductive and nervous systems.

2.  Grasshopper/ cockroach: Digestive, reproductive and nervous systems.

3.  Pila: Pallial complex, digestive and nervous systems

(E)  Cell biology and Genetics:

1.  Salivary gland and polytene chromosomes of Drosophila/Chironomus.

2.  Numericals based on three point test cross

(F)  Project:

1.  Survey- Diversity of particular family/taxa in your surrounding area

2.  Vermicomposting: Earthworm rearing and economics of the project

3.  Evolutionary significance of larvae belonging to different group of invertebrates

B.Sc. PART- I (Zoology Practical) (Semester I & II)

Guidelines/Instructions for Practical Examination

P-101 and P-201

Max Marks: 50+50                                                                       Time allowed: 3+3 Hrs

Note: Following exercises will be set in the examination as per marks assigned

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – III

LIFE AND DIVERSITY OF CHORDATES – I

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                                Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1.    Question number I is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.    Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

Chordates:

Principles of classification; Origin and Evolutionary tree; Role of amnion in evolution; Salient features of chordates;

Functional morphology of the types with examples emphasizing their biodiversity, economic importance and conservation measures where required.

UNIT-II

General characters and classification of phyla upto orders with examples emphasizing their biodiversity,

economic importance and conservation measures where required.

Protochordates: Systematic position, distribution, ecology, morphology and affinities Urochordata: Herdmania – type study

Cephalochordata; Amphioxus – type study

UNIT-III

General characters and classification of phyla upto orders with examples emphasizing their biodiversity,

economic importance and conservation measures where required.

Cyclostomes: Classification and ecological significance Type study of Petromyzon.

UNIT-IV

General characters and classification of all phyla upto orders with examples emphasizing their biodiversity,

economic importance and conservation measures where required.

Pisces: Scales & Fins, Parental care in fishes, fish migration.

Types study of Labeo

Note: Type study includes detailed study of various systems of the animal.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – III

MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY – I

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                         Time allotted: 3 Hours Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1.    Question number I is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.     Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

Introduction, Classification, Structure, function and general properties of carbohydrates and lipids.

UNIT-II

Introduction, Classification, Structure, function and general properties of proteins; Nomenclature, Classification and mechanisms of enzyme action.

Transport through biomembranes (Active and Passive), buffers

UNIT-III

Nutrition: Nutritional components; Carbohydrates, fats, lipids, Vitamins and Minerals. Types of nutrition & feeding, Digestion of dietary constituents, viz. lipids, proteins, carbohydrates & nucleic acids; symbiotic digestion. Absorption of nutrients & assimilation; control of enzyme secretion.

UNIT-IV

Muscles:     Types of muscles, ultra-structure of skeletal muscle. Bio-chemical and physical events during muscle contraction; single muscle twitch, tetanus, muscle fatigue muscle, tone, oxygen debt., Cori’s cycle, single unit smooth muscles, their physical and functional properties.

Bones:                Structure and types, classification, bone growth and resorption, effect of ageing on skeletal system and bone disorders.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – III

PRACTICAL (P-301)

Max. Marks:50                                                          Time allowed: 3Hrs

1.    Classification upto orders, habit, habitats, external characters and economic importance (if any) of the following animals:-

Protochordata         :         Molqula, Hetryllus, Pyrosoma, Doliolum, Olikopleura, and Amphioxus.

Cyclostomata           :         Myxine, Petromyzon and Ammocoetus larva.

Chondrichthyes:     Zygaena, Pristis, Narcine (electric ray), Trygon, Rhinobatus, Raja and

Chimaera.

Osteichthyes     :     Acipenser, Lepidosteus, Muraena, Mystus, Catla, Hippocampus, Syngnathus, Exocoetus, Anabas, Diodon, Ostraczion, Tetradon, Echinus, Lophius, Solea and Polypterus. Any of the Lung Fishes.

2.    Preparation of models of the different systems of the following animals:

Herdmania: General anatomy

Labeo (locally available fish): Digestive and reproductive systems: cranial nerves

3.    Study of the skeleton of Scoliodon, Labeo

4.    Study of the following prepared slides: Tornaria larva, T.S. Amphioxus (through different regionds). Oikopleura, different types of scales.

5.    Make permanent stained preparations of the following: Salpa, Spicules, and Cycloid scales

6.             Zoological excursion and its report PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS:

1.             Qualitative tests for identification of simple sugars, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

2.             Study of human salivary amylase activity: Effect of temperature, pH, Concentration.

Project Report:

1.     Migration in fishes

2.     Ornamental fishes

7.    Disaster Management Project Work: (Field Work, Case Studies. for details see the UGC Website

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – IV

LIFE AND DIVERSITY OF CHORDATES – II

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                         Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1.   Question number I is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.    Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

Amphibia:    Origin, Evolutionary tree. Type study of frog (Rana tigrina), Parental Care in Amphibia

UNIT-II

Reptilia: Type study of Lizard (Hemidactylus), Origin, Evolutionary tree. Extinct reptiles; Poisonous and non-poisonous snakes; Poison apparatus in snakes.

UNIT-III

Aves: Type study of Pigeon (Columba livia); Flight adaptation, Principles of aerodynamics in Bird flight, migration in birds.

UNIT-IV

Mammals:  Classification, type study of Rat; Adaptive radiations of mammals and dentition.

Note: Type study includes detailed study of various systems of the animal.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – IV

MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY – II

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal assessment)                           Time allotted: 3 Hours Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including compulsory question.

1.     Question number I is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 mark each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidate is required to attempt four questions, selecting one question from each unit.

UNIT-I

Circulation: Origin, conduction and regulation of heart beat, cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram, cardiac output, fluid pressure and flow pressure in closed and open circulatory system; Composition and functions of blood & lymph; Mechanism of coagulation of blood, coagulation factors; anticoagulants, haempoiesis

UNIT-II

Respiration: Exchange of respiratory gases, transport of gases, lung air volumes, oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin, Bohr’s effect, Haburger’s phenomenon (Chloride shift), control / regulation of respiration.

Excretion: Patterns of excretory products viz. Amonotelic, ureotlic uricotelic, ornithine cycle (Kreb’s– Henseleit cycle) for urea formation in liver.

UNIT-III

Excretion: Urine formation, counter-current mechanism of urine concentration, osmoregulation, micturition.

Neural Integration: Nature, origin and propagation of nerve impulse along with medullated & non-medullated nerve fibre, conduction of nerve impulse across synapse.

UNIT-IV

Chemical integration of Endocrinology:       Structure and mechanism of hormone action; physiology of hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and gonads.

Reproduction: Spermatogenesis, Capacitation of spermatozoa, ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, oestrous-anoestrous cycle, Menstrual cycle in human; fertilization, implantation and gestation.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – IV

PRACTICAL (P-401)

Max. Marks: 50                                                            Time allowed: 3Hrs

1.    Classification up to orders, habit, habitats, external characters and economic importance (if any) of the following animals:-

Amphibia    : Necturus, Proteus, Amphiuma, Salamandra, Amblystoma, Axolotie     larva, Alytes, Bufo, Rana.

Reptilia          : Hemidactylus, Calotes, Draco, Varanus, Phrynosoma, Chamaeleon, Typhops, Python, Eryx, Ptyas, Bungarus, Naja, Hydrus, Viper, Crocodilus, Gavialis, Chelone (Turtle) and Testudo (Tortoise).

Aves               : Casuarius, Arden, Anas, Milvus, Pavo, Eudynamis, Tyto and Alcedo, Halcyon

Mammalia    : Ornithorphynchus, Echidna, Didelphis, Macropus, Loris, Macaque, Hystrix, Funambulus, Telix, Panthera, Canis, Herpestes, Capra, Pteropus

2.    Preparation of models of the different systems of the following animals: Hemidactylus       :                        Digestive, arterial, venous and urinogenital systems. Rat :           Digestive, arterial, venous and urinogenital systems.

3.    Study of the skeleton of Rana (Frog), Varanus, Pigeon or Gallus and Orcyctolagus/rat

4.    Study of the following prepared slides: Histology of rat (compound tissues).

5.             Study and collection of Quill, Contour, Filoplume and Down feathers

PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS:

1.              Estimation of abnormal constituents of urine (Albumin, sugar, ketone bodies).

2.              Use of respirometer.

3.              Haematein crystal preparation.

4.              Estimation of Hb.

5.              DLC of Man/RBC count/WBC count.

Project Report:

1.     Survey of diversity

2.     Parental care

3.     Dentition in mammals

4.     Migration in birds

B.Sc. PART- II (Zoology Practical) (Semester 3 & 4)

Guidelines/Instructions for Practical Examination

P-301 and P-401

Max Marks: 50+50                                                                             Time allowed: 3+3 Hrs

Note: Following exercises will be set in the examination as per marks assigned

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – V

FISH AND FISHERIES

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal Assessment)                                         Time allotted: 3 Hours Note:    Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including the compulsory question

1.              Question 1 is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 marks each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.              Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidates are required to attempt four questions, selecting one from each unit.

Unit I

1.        Introduction to world fisheries:          Production, utilization and demand.

2               Fresh Water fishes of India: River system, reservoir, pond, tank fisheries; captive and culture fisheries, cold water fisheries.

Unit II

3               Fishing crafts and gears.

4.      Fin fishes, Crustaceans, Molluscs and their culture.

Unit III

Seed production:  Natural seed resources – its assessment, collection, Hatchery production.

2               Nutrition:     Sources of food (Natural, Artificial) and feed composition (Calorie and Chemical ingredients).

Unit IV

3               Field Culture: Ponds-running water, recycled water, cage, culture; poly culture.

4.              Culture technology:        Biotechnology, gene manipulation and cryopreservation of gametes.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – V

ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal Assessment)                                         Time allotted: 3 Hours Note:    Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including the compulsory question

3.              Question 1 is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 marks each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

4.              Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidates are required to attempt four questions, selecting one from each unit.

Unit I

1.   Basic concepts of ecology:   Definition,   significance.   Concepts   of   habitat   and ecological niche.

2       Factors affecting environment: Abiotic factors (light-intensity, quality and duration), temperature, humidity, topography; edaphic factors; biotic factors.

Unit II

1.              Ecosystem: Concept, components, properties and functions; Ecological energetics and energy flow-food chain, food web, trophic structure; ecological pyramids concept of productivity.

2.              Biogeochemical cycles: Concept, reservoir pool, gaseous cycles and sedimentary cycles.

3.              Population: Growth and regulation.

Unit III

Origin of life.

1.              Concept and evidences of organic evolution.

2.              Theories of organic evolution.

3.              Concept of microevolution and concept of species

Unit IV

1.              Concept of macro-and mega-evolution.

2.              Phylogeny of horse.

3.              Evolution of man.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – V

PRACTICAL (P-501)

Max. Marks:50                                                                                           Time allowed: 3Hrs

1.    Identification of Catle, Labeo rohita, L. calbasu, Cirrhius, mrigala Puntius sarana, Channa punctatus, C. marulius. C. stariatus, Trichogaster fasciata, Mystus seenghala, M. cavasius,

M. tengra, Callichrous pabola, C. bimaculatus, Wallago attu, Prawns, Crabs, Lobsters, Calms, Mussels & Oysters.

2.    Chemical analysis of pond water and soil for pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO₂ nitrates, phosphates and chlorides.

3.    A study of the slides of fish parasites.

4.    A study of the different types of nets, e.g., cast net, gill net, drift net and drags net.

5.    A visit to lake/reservoir/fish breeding centre.

6.  Evolutionary evidences and/or its demonstration through models/video/CD etc and preparation of working models of the different systems of the following animals:

– Adaptive modifications in feet and beaks of birds

– Evolutionary evidences of man and horse.

7.  Project report :

i)   Pearl culture

ii)  Prawn culture

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – VI

ENTOMOLOGY

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal Assessment)                                         Time allotted: 3 Hours Note: Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including the compulsory question

1.              Question 1 is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 marks each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.              Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidates are required to attempt four questions, selecting one from each unit.

Unit I

Study of important insect pests of crops and vegetables:

1     Sugarcane:

(a)            Sugarcane leaf-hopper (Pyrilla perpusilla)

(b)            Sugarcane Whitefly (Aleurolobus barodensis)

(c)            Sugarcane top borer (Sciropophaga nivella)

(d)            Sugarcane root borer (Emmalocera depresella)

(e)            Gurdaspur borer (Bissetia steniellus)

With their systematic position, habits and nature of damage caused. Life cycle and control of

Pyrilla perpusilla only.

2     Cotton:

(a)            Pink bollworm (Pestinophora gossypfolla)

(b)            Red cotton bug (Dysdercus Cingulatus)

(c)            Cotton grey weevil (Myllocerus undecimpustulatus)

(d)            Cotton Jassid (Amrasca devastans)

With their systematic position, habits and nature of damage caused. Life cycle and control of

Pectinophore gossypiella.

3     Wheat:

Unit II

Wheat stem borer (Sesamia inferens) with its systematics position,

habits, nature of damage caused. Life cycle and control.

4     Paddy:

(a)            Gundhi bug (Leptocorisa acuta)

(b)            Rice grasshopper (Hieroglyphus banian)

(c)            Rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertullus)

(d)            Rice Hispa (Diceladispa armigera)

With their systematic position, habits and nature of damage caused. Life cycle and control of

Loptocorisa acuta.

Unit III

5               Vegetables

(a)            Raphidopalpa faveicollis – The Red pumpkin beetle.

(b)            Dacus cucurbitas – The pumpkin fruit fly.

(c)            Tetranychus tecarius – The vegetable mite.

(d)            Epilachna – The Hadda beetle.

Their systematics position, habits and nature of damage caused. Life cycle and control of

Aulacophora faveicollis.

6     Stored grains:

(a)            Pulse beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus)

(b)            Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)

(c)            Wheat weevil (Trogoderma granarium)

(d)            Rust Red Flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum)

(e)            Lesser grain borer (Rhizopertha dominica)

(f)             Grain & Flour moth (Sitotroga cerealella)

Their systematic position, habits and nature of damage caused. Life cycle and control of

Trogoderma granarium.

Unit IV

6.              Insect control: Biological control, its history, requirement and precautions and feasibility of biological agents for control.

7.              Chemical control:  History, Categories of pesticides. Important pesticides from each category to pests against which they can be used. Insect repellants and attractants.

8.              Integrated pest management.

9.              Important bird and rodent pests of agriculture & their management.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – VI

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Max Marks: 40+10 (Internal Assessment)                                         Time allotted: 3 Hours

Note : Nine questions are to be set in all and the candidates are required to attempt five questions including the compulsory question

1.              Question 1 is compulsory consisting of 10 parts (1.0 marks each) covering the entire syllabus. Answer to each part should not exceed 20 words.

2.              Out of remaining eight questions, two questions are to be set from each unit (I to IV), possibly splitting them in parts. Candidates are required to attempt four questions, selecting one from each unit.

Unit I

1.              Historical perspectives, aims and scope of developmental biology.

2.              Generalized structure of mammalian ovum & sperm. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.

Unit II

1.              Fertilization, parthenogenesis, different types of eggs and patterns of cleavage in invertebrates and vertebrates.

2.              Process of blastulation in invertebrates and vertebrates

3.              Fate-map construction in frog and chick.

Unit III

1.              Gastrulation in invertebrates and vertebrates

2.              Gastrulation & formation of three germinal layers in frog and chick.

2.      Elementary knowledge of primary organizers.

Unit IV

1.              Extra embryonic membranes: structure & significance in birds and mammals.

2.              Concepts of competence, determination and differentiation.

3.              Concept of regeneration.

SYLLABUS (B.Sc.- ZOOLOGY)

B. Sc. SEMESTER – VI

PRACTICAL (P-601)

Max. Marks:50                                                                                           Time allowed: 3Hrs

1.       External morphology, identification marks, nature of damage and host of the following pests:

i.     Sugarcane: Sugarcane leaf-hopper, Sugarcane whitefly, Sugarcane

top borer, Sugarcane root borer, Gurdaspur borer (any two).

ii.     Cotton :  Red Cotton bug

iii.     Wheat:   Wheat stem borer

iv.     Paddy:   Gundhi bug, Rice grasshopper, Rice stem borer, Rice hispa (any one).

v.     Vegetables: Aulocophora faveicollis, Dacus cucurbitas, Tetranychus tecarious, Epilachna (any three).

vi.     Pests of stored grains: Pulse beetle, Rice weevil, Grain & Flour moth, Rust-red flour beetle, lessergrain borer (any three).

2.       Preparation of permanent/temporary slides of developmental stages of frog/mosquito

3.       Study of permanent slides of WM of chick embryo (13-18h, 24-36h, 36-48h, 48-72h).

4.       Window preparation and identification of stages of development in chick egg.

5.       Project report:

1.  Apiculture

2.  Sericulture